Tallaalada COVID-19 waxay u shaqeeyaan si la mida tallaalada kale, tallaalka ma keeno cudur balse kaliya difaaca jirka ayuu baraa tilmaamaha fayraska si jirka uu usii diyaarsado wixii uu kula dagaali lahaa haddii uu fayraska soo galo jirka.
Waxaa jiro in ka badan 20 nuuc oo tallaalada looga hortago COCVID-19 ah, waxayna haystaan ogolaanshaha ah in laga isticmaali karo adduunka oo dhan.
Mararki hore waqti dheer ayay qaadan jirtay in la sameeyo tallaal si looga hortago cudurrada, balse marki lasoo saaraayey tallaalka COVID-19 cilmi-baarayaasha waxay ku shaqeeyeen xaalado aan hore loo arag si ay si deg deg ah ugu hormariyaan tallaal looga hortagi karo COVID-19 oo adduunka hal mar ku faafay.
Waxay qaadatay wax ka yar hal sano in lagu soo saaro tallaaladii ugu horreeyay ee COVID-19, In kasta oo soo saaristaan ay aad uga dhakhso badan tahay dhammaan tallaalada kale, khubarada waxay ka faa’iideysteen teknolojiyadda tallaalka ee hadda jirta iyo dadaallada caalamiga ah ay wadeen hay’adaha caafimaadka adduunka.
Maqaalkaan waxaan ku eegeynaa sida tallaalada COVID-19 ee kala duwan ay u shaqeeyaan iyo waxyeellooyinka iyo waxtarka tallaalka.
Nuucyada tallaalada COVID-19
In kasta oo dhammaan tallaalada COVID-19 ee laga isticmaalo adduunka oo dhan ay ujeedadoodu tahay in la gaaro hal hadaf oo ah in laga hortago cudurka, haddana shirkadaha soo saaro tallaalka waxay adeegsadaan farsamooyin tallaal oo kala duwan.
Nuucyada tallaalada COVID-19 waxay ku kala duwanyihiin waxyaabaha ku jiro tallaalka dhaxdiisa, tallaalada qaarkood waxa ku jiro fayraska korona oo aad loo daciifiyey, qaar kalena waxay isticmaalaan qaybo ka mid ah fayraska, qaarna maba isticmaalaan wax si toos ah fayraska looga soo qaatay.
mRNA
Nuuc ka mid ah tallaalada ugu horeeyey ee la sameyey waxa uu ahaa (mRNA), tallaalkaan mRNA kuma jirto qayb ka mid ah fayraska, taa badalkeeda, waxa uu wataa wax ka mid ah hidde sidaha fayraska oo loo yaqaano (mRNA), hidde-sidehaan waxa uu wataa macluumaad lagama maarmaan u ah in unugyada jirkeena ay helaan si ay usoo saaraan borotiin uu leeyahay fayraska korona.
Marka hidde-sidahaas ay ku jirto macluumaadka borotiinka gaarka u ah fayraska uu galo unugyada jirkeena, unugyada ayaa sameeya borotiinkaas waxayna u soo bandhigaan nidaamka difaaca jirka, ka dibna jirka waxa uu difaac ka sameestaa borotiinkaas, si hadhow uu ula dagaallamo jirka haddii uu soo galo fayraska caadiga ahaa.
Shirkadaha soo saaray tallaalka (mRNA) waxaa ka mid ah:
- BioNTech-Pfizer
- Moderna
Viral vector
Sida la mid ah tallaalada mRNA, tallaalada (Viral vector) ka sidoo kale kuma jiro fayraska korona oo dhamaystiran, balse waxaa ku jiro fayras kale oo aan koronaha ahayn halisna aan lahayn, fayraskaan ayaa waxa la galieyey oo uu wadaa macluumaad lagama maarmaan u ah in unugyada jirkeena ay helaan si ay usoo saaraan borotiin uu leeyahay fayraska korona.
Unugyada ayaa ka dib borotiinkaas u bandhigaan nidaamka difaaca jirka, ka dibna jirka waxa uu difaac ka sameestaa borotiinkaas, si hadhow uu ula dagaallamo jirka haddii uu soo galo fayraska caadiga ahaa.
Shirkadaha soo saaray tallaalka (Viral vector) waxaa ka mid ah:
- Oxford-AstraZeneca
- Sputnik V
- Johnson & Johnson
Subunit
Sid la mid ah tallaalada (mRNA) iyo tallaalada (Viral vector) tallaalada (subunit) kuma jiro fayras oo dhan, waxaa ku jiro kaliya qayb ka mid ah fayraska korona.
Laakiinse si ka duwan sida tallaalada (mRNA) iyo tallaalada (Viral vector), meeshi unugyada jirka loo gudbin lahaa hidde-sidaha ka kooban macluumaadka lagama maarmaanka ah ee unugyada u baahan yihiin si ay usoo saaraan borotiinka u gaarka ah fayraska korona, tallaalkaan asaga ayaaba si toos ah u wato borotiinkaas.
Ka dibna borotiinkaas ayaa loo bandhigaa nidaamka difaaca jirka, ka dibna jirka waxa uu difaac ka sameestaa borotiinkaas, si hadhow uu ula dagaallamo jirka haddii uu soo galo fayraska caadiga ahaa.
Shirkadaha soo saaray tallaalka (Subunit) waxaa ka mid ah:
- Novavax
Inactivated
Si ka duwan tallaalada (mRNA, Viral vector & Subunit), tallaalkaan waxaa ku jiro fayraska korona oo dhamaystiran, balse waa fayraski oo kiimiko ahaan loo badalay, lagana dilay awoodda uu ku kori lahaa uuna ku sababi lahaa cudur.
Borotiinka uu wato fayraskaan daciifka ayaa loo bandhigaa nidaamka difaaca jirka, ka dibna jirka waxa uu difaac ka sameestaa borotiinkaas, si hadhow uu ula dagaallamo jirka haddii uu soo galo fayraska caadiga ah ee awoodda leh.
Tallaalkaan uma xoog badno sida tallaalada kale ee aan kor kusoo xusnay, maadaama uu ka kooban yahay fayraski oo aad loo daciifiyey, difaaca uu jirka siiyana ma sii jiro muddo dheer.
Shirkadaha soo saaray tallaalka (inactivated) waxaa ka mid ah:
- Sinovac
- Sinopharm
- Bharat Biotech
Waxyeellooyinka iyo waxtarka tallaalka COVID-19
Marki la soo saaraayo tallaalada, waxa ay maraan tijaabooyin iyo baaritaanno adag si loo qiimeeyo badbaadada tallaalka loona xaqiijiyo awoodda uu u leeyahay in uu ka hortago cudurka.
Saynisyahannada waxay sameeyaan daraasado badan ka hor inta aysan bulshada usoo gudbin tallaalka, taas waxay u oggolaanaysaa inay helaan xog ku saabsan suurtagalnimada in dadka qaata tallaalka ay la kulmi doonaan waxyeellooyin uu tallaalka sababay.
Tusaale ahaan, 84.7% dadka qaatay tallaalka (Pfizer-BioNTech) intii lagu jiray tijaabooyinka tallaalka ayaa soo sheegay waxyeello uu tallaalka gaarsiiyey meesha duriinka laga sameeyey.
Waxyeellada ugu badan waxay ahayd xanuun, taas oo 83.1% ka mid ah dadka da’doodu u dhaxayso 18 – 55 sano iyo 71.1% ka mid ah kuwa da’doodu tahay 55 sano iyo ka badan ay soo sheegeen.
Waxtarka tallaaladaan ayaa aad u fiicnaa, marka loo eego sida ay uga hortageen cudurka, tusaale ahaan baarayaasha waxay soo sheegeen in 94.1% dadka qaatay tallaalka Moderna ay ka hortag ka sameeyeen cudurka.